___________________________________________________________ Paper/Tutorial name: Every Thing You Need to know about IPV4Addressing !!!!
Written by: mandi
For: Iexploit and hackforums
Difficulty: Easy to Intermediate ______________________________________________________________________ 1)Intro 2)Types of Ip address 3)Different Classes of Ip address
Now IP-v4 is being used all over the world, But Soon in the coming years IP-v4 address will be used out, So the future of IP addressing depends on the IP-V6..
But In this paper I am going to explain in details about IP-V4 Addressing
Before going in to IP-V4 Addressing you need to know about the following types of IP:
Static: means the IP address never changes as long as you stay with the same provider or same server.
Dynamic: means the IP address can change from time-to-time.
Public: means the IP address can be visited from any computer in the world.
Private: means the IP address can only be used by those on the same network. Shared :means other people use your IP address for their connection or sites.
Dedicated : means no one else uses your IP address for their connection or sites.
In the IP-V4 Addressing the ip’s are divided in to 5 types of classes 1)Class A (IP address from 0-127 are reffered as Class –A IP address) ranges from 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 For example: Consider the following Ip address 11.22.33.230 Refers to Class-A Ip address, Because u need to look at the starting number of the Ip address,As in our example 11 falls in the range between 0-127,It is said as Class-A IP ADDRESS ,
In the example IP address 11||.22.33.230||
The first block(i.e 11) represents the network id and the last block(22.33.230)Represents the host-id, The Private Ip-Address range for the Class-A ranges from 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255, This means this Ip range should not be used on the public network like internet The default sub-net mask For the Class-A is 255.0.0.0
16,777,214 hosts on each Class A
Also the IP Address 0.0.0.0 and 127 Should not be used in IP address Assigning ip’s to the Host,The first is called the default route, and the latter is the loopback address
Lookback Ip address-Loopback address is a special IP number (127.0.0.1) that is designated for the software loopback interface of a machine. The loopback interface has no hardware associated with it, and it is not physically connected to a network. It is generally used to check the TCP-IP Settings of the local machine..
The default route in IP-V4 is is 0.0.0.0 often called the quad-zero route, it effectively specifies no network, and is the "shortest" match possible. A route lookup that doesn't match anything will naturally fall back onto this route.
Class-B:
The ip Address ranges from 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255 is called as Class –B IP address,
And the Default Sub-net mask for the Class-B IP address is 255.255.0.0
And The private Address range for the Class B IP address is 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
65,532 hosts exsists on each Class B For Example: Consider the Following CLASS-B IP Address 140.230.43.249 In the Above IP address 140.230 reprsents the network-ID and 43.249 represents the host id
And To identify a Ip addresss is Class-B, You should have to Look-up the first octet only, I mean the number in the First position of the ip address, In our example IP-Address 140.230.43.249 look at the first postion 140 lies in the range between 128-191 So it is called Class-B IP address,you should not Confuse your-self by seeing the rest of the IP-Address
+Automatic Private Address range ranges from 169.254.0.0.-169.254.255.255,This ip address tange is also used as an private ip address range,it is used as an alternate when the DHCP fails,For example if the client fails to get the ip address from the DHCP server(if assigned to get ip via DHCP)then if we enable this APIPA it will automatically assign the system with a ip from thee above range... THIS IS MOSTLY USED IN WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT....
Class-C: The ip Address ranges from 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255 is called as Class –C IP address,
And the Default Sub-net mask for the Class-C IP address is 255.255.255.0
And The private Address range for the Class C IP address is 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
2,097,152 can be exsists on Class-C
For Example: Consider the Following CLASS-C IP Address 198.43.150.245
In the Above IP-Address 198.43.150 represnets the Network-id and 245 represents the host-id
And to Find a Ip-Address is a class-c IP address Look at the first octet of the Ip-Address In our example IP address 198.43.150.245 look at the first number (i.e 198)As 198 lies between 192-223 It is said to be Class “c†IP address, you should not Confuse your-self by seeing the rest of the IP-Address..
Class-D: Class Ds are multicast addresses Multi-Casting means “Transmitting from a single host to group of selected host’s, The ip Address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 is called as Class –D IP address,
For example: Consider the following Class-D IP address 225.43.150.192,You need to look at the First octet in the ip-address( i.e 225 it lies between 224-239 )so it is considered as class “d†Ip-address, you should not Confuse your-self by seeing the rest of the IP-Address..
Class D addresses as reserved for multicast…
Class-E: The ip Address ranges from 240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 is called as Class –E IP address, Class-E IP addresses are used for research and future purposes..
For example consider the IP-Address 245.4.160.195,In this IP-Address Consider the first Octet (i.e 245) It lies in the range between 240-255, So this ip Address is called Class-E IP address, you should not Confuse your-self by seeing the rest of the IP-Address..
Note: As with Class E, Class D addresses should not be used by ordinary nodes on the Internet. Class A, Class B, and Class C are the three classes of addresses used on IP networks in common practice..
Like i said my English is not very good,so kindly bear with it ,i am trying my best to improve it,hope you wont mind :)